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Protein reveals the oldest episode of sex and procreation among human species

Since humans developed the ability to study DNA extracted from fossils, we have uncovered a mystery that until now had no answer. In the DNA of some human species, including our own, Homo sapiens, there were “super-archaic” markers, vestiges of older, unknown species with which we had interbred and produced offspring. Unable to determine who these genomic intruders were, some scientists called them ghost populations.

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One of the 'Homo erectus' molars analyzed.

Reconstruction of a 'homo erectus' based on fossils from different locations, in an image from the Natural History Museum.
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The National Science Board fired by Trump was finalizing a report on China’s growing scientific edge over the United States

The dismissal of the 22 members of the National Science Board by the Donald Trump administration is an “unprecedented” move, explains Yolanda Gil, one of the ousted advisers, in an interview with EL PAÍS. Gil, who has a long scientific career in the United States, confirms that all members of the board were dismissed “effective immediately” last Friday by email, with no explanation of the reasons.

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© Alain Pitton (Getty Images)

A demonstration in Toulouse, France, in solidarity with U.S. scientists in response to the budget cuts imposed by Donald Trump, in August 2025.
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