Luis de Guindos: ‘I used to be more of a hawk, now I’m on the side of prudence’

When he took over as vice president in 2018, Luis de Guindos, 66, faced what seemed like the most uneventful term in the history of the European Central Bank (ECB). “I thought we weren’t going to move interest rates, neither up nor down; they had been unchanged for a long time, and I thought they would stay that way,” he recalls now.

